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The implementation of the guidding principles of the pan started in its elaboration process, through the many efforts to include the population in national-wide debates about a sustainable government plan for development. the plan's participative nature was achieved through a sustained consultation process that began with the preparation of the 2007-2010 national development plan. it was characterized by the diversity of the actors who took part in the process, and was elaborated with the help of citizens' policy implementation inspectorships, national and regional citizen consultation, and dialogue and consensus-building with social and institutional actors.the plan in itself proposes a number of strategies for its own implentation, including giving priority and funding for social protagonism, mechanisms for the reduction of poverty and the protection of diversity. the 2008 constitution incorporates a crucial break with the past: the shift from a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic state, encompassed in the 1998 constitution, to a plurinational and intercultural state. in societies like the ecuadorian society, marked by inequalities, we cannot think of interculturalism without considering domination processes. intercultural dialogue is based on the premise of a dialogue among equals; and this is not possible when some cultures are subordinated to others. similarly, economic inequality is linked to deep ongoing processes of social exclusion, discri­mination and segregation. as a result and in order to build a plural, democratic society, there must be a focus on three levels: the social-economic level to assure equality; the political level to enable changes to the structure of power so that difference no longer favors oppression; and the social-cultural level, in which differences may be acknowledged, and which opens the possibility of intercultural learning. a plurinational state means building a radically democratic post-colonial state. plurinationalism acknowledges the authority of peoples and nationalities elected according to their uses and customs within the context of a unitary state. plurinationalism, therefore, values the different forms of democracy that exist in the country: community, deliberative, and participative forms of democracy that nurture and complement representative democracy in a descentralized manner.the process of implementation of these policies in the cultural area, and in the protection of cultural rights, is clearly reflected in all the actions that have been reported in this document. all policies and actions in the state must be closely tied with the goals and strategies of the sumak kawsay national plan.challenges identified in the implementation of this measure:the creation of the plan required confronting four main challenges: articulating the planning to the new constitutional framework; generating processes of intra-state articulation and feedback processes, incorporating a result-oriented form of management; inserting territorial and local planning; and promoting a process of social participation.