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The Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Centre (IOC) – UNESCO organized the second IOTIC Lecture Online Series on Tsunami Hazard and Risk Reduction: the IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready Indicators 1,2 and 4.  This online lecture, which conducted on 11 September 2020, featured Mr. Ardito M. Kodijat, Head of Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Centre- IOC UNESCO Indonesia, as the moderator and two guest lectures from different institutions, Ms. Sunanda Maneela, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (ICOIS), Dr. Harkunti P. Rahayu, the Chair of Working-Group 1 of  Intergovernmental Coordination Group on Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System(ICG/IOTWMS).  

This 2nd online lecture aimed to improve knowledge and understanding of the IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready program. Furthermore, its objective is to foster the communities, Non-Governmental Organizations, Tsunami Warning Centers, Disaster Management Offices, and other related stakeholders to achieve the Tsunami Ready Indicators and build the community’s resilience.

In the first session, Ms. Sunanda discussed the importance of a tsunami hazard map for the community. Hazard maps, which also depicted the community's socio-economic data, are critical tools for preparing and educating the public about the hazard map and the appropriate response before an impending tsunami. In developing a reliable and science-based tsunami hazard map, the multiple jurisdiction and community engagement are required to create the inundation model. The inundation model is the primary source to illustrate the common areas to be flooded by the tsunami. The community engagement could make a valuable contribution in the map development derived from how people perceive and interpret risks, particularly past experiences. She shared ICOIS’s experience creating the tsunami hazard map, which integrated the local knowledge and technical expertise. Ms. Sunanda underlined the need of a 5-years review as the coastal regions are the most dynamic areas compared to the other regions because of highly affected by storms, floods, erosion, infrastructure developments, and tourism activities. At the end of the first session, she outlined alternative ways for countries with adequate tsunami modeling capacity. Among others are the community engagement in selecting a good elevation and identifying all areas below the elevation to create tsunami hazard maps.

The lecture proceeded with Dr. Harkunti’s explanation of knowing how to expose a community to tsunami hazards. This topic discussion corresponded to the indicator two on developing an initial estimate of the number of people living in the tsunami hazard zone and indicator four on expanding an inventory of available resources to reduce tsunami risk at the community level. Dr. Harkunti affirmed that these indicators are the key ingredient of formulating the tsunami risk reduction plan. This plan is a guideline for the community to face the challenges. In developing that plan, the participatory approach is indispensable to strengthening the ownership or sense of belonging from the community. She pointed out the two schemes in creating a participatory process. The triple helix consists of community, government, and business sector. While the community acted as the main actor due to their knowledge, exposures, and experiences, the government and business sector support the community’s initiatives financially and legally. The second scheme is Penta helix, which adds two other actors: academics and media. The academic will provide a scientific insight into the community’s initiatives and upscale the community's data. At the same time, the media disseminates the best practices and information to other regions. Besides the participatory approach, formulating a tsunami risk reduction plan requires the coverage of all disaster stages from pre-disaster and post-disaster activities.

In responding to the 2nd indicator, Dr. Harkunti stressed the importance of providing meaningful and precise data to better risk reduction plans and emergency response. She stated that calculating temporary and non-residents such as migrant workers and visitors are as crucial as the permanent residents. As for indicator 4, she fostered to take local wisdom and sufficient financial resources such as the Village fund in the Indonesia case – into consideration. She added that the budget mismanagement and negligence of local knowledge and social could have a severe impact of developing and implementing tsunami risk reduction plans.

Around 390 participants in zoom and 43 participants in the Facebook live engaged in the discussion.  It estimated 44 countries where 15 of them from the Indian Ocean member states. This second lecture received positive feedbacks from the participants, where 387 participants were pleased with the lessons. The participants felt that the course gave a good insight into disaster management and community building. Furthermore, the lecture was helpful for the participant’s work in various fields ranging from Tsunami warning center, disaster management offices, university, to business sectors.

The 3rd IOTIC Online Lecture on the tsunami information and evacuation plan will be conducted on Friday, 18 September 2020, 2:00 PM-3.15 PM (GMT+ 7). This lecture will feature Mr. Nick Kuster, NSW State Emergency Services Australia, and Mr. Harald Spahn, tsunami early warning experts, from Germany.

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For further information, please contact:

Ardito M Kodijat, Head of the UNESCO-IOC IOTWMS Secretariat
a.kodijat@unesco.org or

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