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Africa’s oceans and freshwater systems are vital to the continent’s ecological balance, economic growth, and cultural identity. With over 30,000 km of coastline and vast river basins covering 64% of the land, these natural resources support biodiversity, livelihoods, trade, and climate regulation. They are central to achieving the African Union’s Agenda 2063, the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and the African Blue Economy Strategy, which emphasizes the role of both marine and inland waters in sustainable development.

However, these resources face escalating threats from climate change, pollution, and unsustainable use. Coastal cities are increasingly vulnerable to sea level rise and flooding, while freshwater systems are strained by growing demand, pollution, and extreme weather events. Climate-induced water stress already affects millions and may displace hundreds of millions by 2030. Addressing these challenges requires urgent investment in ocean and water science, stronger governance, regional cooperation, and the development of integrated data systems to guide policy and resilience-building efforts across the continent.