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The Raja Ampat UNESCO Global Geopark area unveils the country's oldest rock formation, dating back 443.8–358.9 million years to the Silurian-Devonian era, nearly one-tenth the age of the Earth. This rock unit, along with the overlying Mesozoic rocks that include ocean floor ultramafics, forms the foundation of karstic limestones. Notably, karst topography flourishes in both old (Eocene) and young (Miocene-Pliocene) limestone units. The archipelagic karst formation in Raja Ampat UNESCO Global Geopark is believed to have been influenced by rising sea levels during the Quaternary Period, followed by an ongoing process of karstification. This continuous karstification has resulted in numerous caves, some of which are located below sea level, making them renowned diving destinations. Additionally, prehistoric cave paintings created by early inhabitants of the geopark area several thousand years ago have been discovered on steep limestone cliffs and eroded cavities along the coastline, highlighting the intimate connection between geological and cultural heritage in Raja Ampat UNESCO Global Geopark.