UNESCO/Toson-Khulstai Biosphere Reserve
Camili
General information
The Camili Biosphere Reserve is located in the northeast ü쾱 in the Colchic sub-region of the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic area. Mountains surround Camili on three sides, and the Georgian border forms the northern edge of the reserve. The topography of the northwest side of Camili Biosphere Reserve is characterized by the Karçal Mountains (3,415 m above sea level), while three main valleys – the Uğur-Maral, Efeler and Düzenli – are found within the reserve.
Detailed information
Key data
Year of nomination
2005
Country
ü쾱
Total population
1104
Area
Surface
27,152.00 ha
Total terresterial area
27,152.00 ha
Location
Latitiude: 41.4312 - Longitude: 41.964
Contact
Ecological Characteristics
The main ecosystem types in the Camili Biosphere Reserve are boreal coniferous forests and temperate deciduous forests, including such tree species as Alnus glutinosa (Black alder), Picea orientalis (Oriental spruce), Tilia rubra ssp. caucasicus (Caucasus lime tree) and Quercus petraea (Sessile oak). In addition, the Camili basin forms part of the “Karçal Mountains Important Plant Area” (IPA) – one of the 122 most important botanical sites identified by WWF in ü쾱. The basin is also the only region where the Caucasus bee has remained untouched and genetically pure, making it one of the world's three most important bee species. The Camili Biosphere Reserve is situated on an important bird migration route on the east side of the Black Sea, where two Important Bird Areas (IBAs) are identified: The Eastern Black Sea Mountains IBA and the Karçal Mountains IBA. Examples of bird species common to the reserve are Turdus merula (Common blackbird), Parus ater (Coal tit) and Corvus corax (Common raven). A large population of bark beetles that threaten the regional forest ecosystems also exists in Camili. Lastly, some fauna species in the reserve have been categorized as endangered, including Mertensiella caucasia (Caucasian salamander) and Hyla arborea (European tree frog).
Socio-Economics Characteristics
Located at the intersection of different cultures, the Camili area continues to maintain its rich cultural heritage through tangible and intangible assets. The six villages (Camili, Maral, Düzenli, Efeler, Kayalar, Uğurlu) in the basin exhibit notable architectural characteristics, featuring traditional wooden houses with four to six rooms and unique balconies. The area is home to numerous archaeological sites, including the Iremit Mosque in Maral Village, Tamara’s Cave, and an arched bridge at the entrance of Efeler Village. Traditional folk dances and music thrive in the area, reflecting the community's deep-rooted customs. In order to ensure the transfer of their traditional songs to future generations, local villagers established the Polyphonic Elderly Choir. In recognition of its cultural significance, this choir was registered in 2016 in the National Inventory of Living Human Treasures, part of the former UNESCO program aimed at protecting intangible cultural heritage.
Handicrafts in the Camili Basin have emerged in response to the region’s challenging natural conditions, serving as vital expressions of the community’s identity and as conduits for transmitting traditional culture to future generations. These crafts, rooted in a rich cultural history and aligned with the region’s ecological characteristics, play a significant role in sustainable development by providing employment opportunities and generating economic value. Traditional practices such as rug weaving and wool spinning, often conducted in cooperative settings, foster social solidarity among community members. The region also engages in woodworking, weaving, needlepoint, stonemasonry, and tinsmithing. While handicraft products are available for sale in souvenir sections of tea gardens and recreational areas, there is currently no centralized sales center for these goods.
The economic activities of the local community encompass beekeeping, animal husbandry, organic agriculture, guesthouse management, guiding services, production of decorative items, and local souvenirs. Beekeeping, in particular, plays a vital role in the economy of the Camili Basin. Due to the region's geographical isolation, Camili is home to the genetically pure Caucasian Bee, recognized as one of the most significant bee breeds globally. In acknowledgment of its ecological importance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry designated here as a Gene Protection Area in 2001 to preserve the Caucasian Bee population. In addition to beekeeping, hazelnut farming is also a key economic activity within the reserve. These agricultural practices are characterized by labor-intensive methods, as they utilize no pesticides or chemical fertilizers.
The Camili Biosphere Reserve offers visitors a unique opportunity to experience a traditional way of life amidst a well-preserved natural environment. Tourism in the region not only provides significant economic benefits to the local communities but also fosters an appreciation for their cultural values and encourages active participation in conservation efforts.
