UNESCO/Toson-Khulstai Biosphere Reserve
Hawaiian Islands
General information
This biosphere reserve comprises Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes National Parks on the Hawaiian Islands. Ecosystems are very diverse, varying from rain forest to desert scrub and coastal strand to alpine. A spectrum of tropical environments, ranging from persistently or seasonably wet to dry, is found in Hawaii, which explains the floral diversity. Volcanism encourages the emergence of diversity, resulting in a mosaic of successional and climax stages throughout the biosphere reserve.Â
Detailed information
Key data
Year of nomination
1980
Country
United States of America
Total population
361264
Area
Surface
533,156.00 ha
Total terresterial area
533,156.00 ha
Location
Latitiude: 19.42 - Longitude: -155.444
Contact
Ecological Characteristics
The islands have had a global importance in the history of evolutionary biology and are continuing to serve as crucial sites for evolutionary studies. Apart from research, the biosphere reserve focuses on the protection and management of the endemic biological diversity and public education on Hawaiian natural history.Alien species constitutes a major problem for nature conservation. The Hawaii Islands’ evolutionary isolation from the continents, and their modern role as a commercial hub of the Pacific, make them particularly vulnerable to invasion by alien species. Among the species documented in the Hawaiian Ecosystem at Risk (HEAR) project is the fire tree (Myrica faya), a native of the Canary Islands, Azores and Madeira. As actinorrhizal nitrogen fixer, M. faya poses a serious threat to native plants on young volcanic sites, where it forms dense, single-species stands with an understorey devoid of other plant life.
Socio-Economics Characteristics
The long-term protection of Hawaiian’s nature is crucial to its tourism industry.
