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This is the largest protected area in Spain. It covers a series of limestone mountain linesin a NE-SW direction where carbonate rocks, limestone and dolomites predominate, with a great richness in fossils, and interspersed marl and detritic levels, mainly sand.In addition to tectonic action, another great morphodynamic agent of these reliefs is water, and more specifically its action on carbonate rocks. It has ended up generating spectacular karstic landscapes,that enable various rivers. For this reason it represents an important reservoir of water resources, both surface and underground, constituting the headwaters of two important river basins: the Guadalquivir and the Segura, which provide refuges for flora from more northern latitudes. Its floristic catalogue amounts to some 2,228 species among which there are more than 30 local endemisms.The diversity of habitats present in this space favours the presence of more than 200 species of inventoried vertebrates, with certain local endemisms such as the Valverde lizard (Algiroides marchi); its wealth of fish (trout, barbel, bogue) allows forf 16 inland fishing preserves, 22 fishing refuges and a fish farm; the large herbivores constitute its most emblematic fauna group with species such as deer, wild goats and wild boar.Large herbivores constitute its most emblematic faunal group, with species such as deer, wild goats and wild boar. Birds of prey in particular stand out for their abundance and richness, and mention should be madeto the Bearded Vulture Reintroduction Project. It is carried out in the Nursery Center in Captivity Guadalentín, in the heart of the Reserve.Its successbrough back the species to the biosphere reservesince 2006.