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The biosphere reserve comprises a large spectrum of ecosystems such as remnants of dryland dipterocarp forests, peripheral mixed swamp forests, peat swamp forests, mangrove and coastal beach forests, and secondary forests. The Tanjung Puting National Park was primarily established by the Dutch colonial government for the protection of the orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) and Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in the 1930’s. Today, these animals are the main tourist attractions, however the number of visitors is still modest (3,600 in 1996). Iron wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) are among the plant species of high importance from a conservation point of view.Tanjung Puting Biosphere Reserve harbours many species of wildlife. Other primates found in the area include proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis), grey gibbon (Hylobates mulleri), red leaf monkey or maroon langur (Presbytis rubicunda rubida).Furthermore, other notable mammals and species of conservation concern include sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus klossii) and wild pig (Sus barbatus).Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis borneoensis) have also been recorded. Reptiles include estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii). A rich avifauna is present with over than 200 species having been recorded, including the endangered and rare species storm stork (Ciconia stormii), many kinds of kingfishers, hornbills, oriental darter, and herons.This area also harbors a number of interesting fish species, including the world`s endangered fish species (Scleropages formosus, also known as the Asian bony-tongue or locally called the Arwana. Common plant species of Tanjung Puting are predominantly composed of lowland plant species such as jelutung (Dyera costulata), iron wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), meranti (Shorea spp.), other dipterocarps, and rattans of commercial value.The peat swamp forest is characterized by ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), a species which is in high commercial demand and becoming increasingly rare. Other plant species include pandans (Pandanus tectorius) and nipa (Nypa fruticans), commonly found along the riverbanks.The mangrove communities and associated species are dominated by Rhizophora spp., Bruguiera sp., Sonneratia sp. and Xylocapus granatum. The vegetation supports a large population of wildlife making it one of the most important areas for the preservation of primates, birds, fish and other wildlife species.