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The Act of the Union of Lublin of 1569 established, in early modern age, by means of negotiations and free agreement, the Commonwealth of two equal states: the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Union’s importance consisted not only in the lasting character, political role played by the parliament in the Union’s Jagellonian monarchy and previous Polish-Lithuanian unions, as well as intellectual backgrounds of the Republican Rome’s tradition and the Renaissance, the Union of Lublin significantly strengthened the civic, republican and democratic attitudes in political practice and thought of its time. The Act of the Union agreed between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at Sejm (state parliament) meeting in Lublin on July 1569, constituted one of the legal foundations of the Commonwealth, called also Res Publica (Republic); another one was the Henrican Articles, which included the Warsaw Confederation of 1573.