91�鶹������Ʒ����

In accordance with the Asylum Act, Decision No. 21 grants temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens residing in Ukraine or present on the territory of the Republic of Moldova before February 24, 2022. As of March 1, 2023, eligible individuals may apply for temporary protection by registering their application with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and presenting a national identity document (valid or expired) or identity certificate issued by the Ukrainian Embassy, or a birth certificate for minors. Individuals granted temporary protection will be issued an identity document containing a state identification number (Numărul de identificare de stat, IDNP). 

Access to schools 

The grants the right to education for all, including non-nationals. further states that non-nationals may access education through the national education system, and that education authorities will establish conditions for the recognition and equivalence of studies for enrolment in the national system. The Asylum Act reaffirms this right, and states that minor beneficiaries of temporary protection are granted the right to access compulsory general education under the same conditions as citizens.  

Despite the delay in activation of the temporary protection scheme, in March 2022, the Ministry of Education and Research (MER) issued on the enrolment of Ukrainian refugee children in national schools. The Order states that students will be admitted following the recognition and equivalence of prior studies, which may be certified through academic records. issued by MER on the enrolment process clarifies that educational institutions may require translation of documentation in Ukrainian. In the absence of documentation, institutions may establish procedures to determine the appropriate level of study. Until the completion of the recognition process, students may enrol in courses as auditors.  

In line with these commitments, Decision No. 21 reaffirms that the MER will ensure equal access to public education for Ukrainian minors who have been granted temporary protection under the same conditions as citizens and “within the limits of the possibilities of the education system.” However, on the admission of Ukrainian students also states that citizens of Ukraine may choose to continue their learning through online platforms organized by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (the All-Ukraine Online School). 

Safe learning environment 

According to Order No. 178, school directors are responsible for the organization of discussions with students and staff on welcoming incoming Ukrainian pupils to ensure a smooth transition into the new school. The school director is also responsible for organizing health examinations for new students conducted by school medical staff and local doctors. 

Order No. 178 also guarantees Ukrainian students access to psychological support through the school psychologist, who is responsible for providing psychological assistance, promoting behavioural stabilization, and encouraging stress reduction, with the goal of restoring the child’s confidence. The psychologist is responsible for communicating with the parents or legal representatives of the student and collaborating with the school director and relevant teaching staff to monitor the well-being of the child. 

Quality learning conditions 

Order No. 178 outlines the responsibilities of teaching staff to promote integration and participation of Ukrainian students in the classroom. Teachers must ensure a fair approach to student participation in activities, monitor students' attendance and record absences. To facilitate their adaptation, teachers will provide additional assistance to Ukrainian learners during educational activities and will communicate with the parent or legal guardian regarding educational progress. The order further states that teachers are responsible for determining the educational needs of refugee learners and recording their learning results.  

Access to transitions 

According to , national exams regulate the transition of students between education at the primary (grades 1-4), secondary (grades 5-9), and high school (grades 10-12 or 13) levels. This includes national testing at the end of grade 4; a national graduation exam at the completion of secondary education, upon which a certificate of secondary education is issued; and the national baccalaureate exam upon completion of high school. published by MER state that Ukrainian students in grades 9 and 12 will be required to take final examinations under the same conditions as students of the Republic of Moldova, although no specific provisions have been made to adapt the examination conditions to meet the educational needs of Ukrainian learners (e.g., translation of materials or granting of additional time). Furthermore, no specific provisions have been granted to Ukrainian students taking the grade 4 exam.  

Certification of learning 

The Education Code stipulates that the completion of the baccalaureate exam with a passing score is required for the conferral of a diploma, granting the graduate access to higher education and technical vocational education. A candidate who does not obtain a passing score but has completed secondary courses in full will hold a certificate of secondary studies, granting access to technical vocational education institutions. No specific provisions have been granted to accommodate Ukrainian students taking the secondary or baccalaureate exams.  

Access to higher education 

Law No. 200 grants non-nationals the right to access higher education institutions under the conditions established by law. In March 2022, the MER issued . The order provides guidelines for enrolment in higher education during the 2021-2022 academic year and states that Ukrainian students can enrol in institutions of higher education, although higher education institutions may set their own guidelines on admission protocols.

Ukrainian citizens may circulate and establish residence freely on the territory, in accordance with the Constitution and Law No. 200. However, Decision No. 21 stipulates that beneficiaries must report all changes of residence to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Beneficiaries of temporary protection are granted the right to work upon request, per the Asylum Law. Decision No. 21 reaffirms that Ukrainians granted temporary protection may engage in employment, and mandates employers to inform the National Employment Agency of all contracts entered into with beneficiaries.  

Per the Asylum Law, temporary protection is granted for one year, with the possibility of extension by six-month periods for a maximum of one year, not to exceed two years. Decision No. 21 grants temporary protection valid until March 1, 2024, and may not be extended beyond March 1, 2025, at maximum. At present, the temporary protection scheme has not been extended, and measures to grant legal status to Ukrainians should their displacement continue beyond its expiration have not been announced.