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• Alternative media: why they have emerged
• Public credibility of mainstream media
• Advent of information and communication technology
• Changing media habits and consumer preferences
• Defining alternative media (in contrast to mainstream media)
• Ownership and control of alternative media (i.e. democratizing ownership and control). Audiences of alternative media: different sectors (women, young people, children, labourers/workers, etc.), marginalized groups (cultural communities, migrants, etc.), etc.
• Content of alternative media (e.g. community or sector development issues and concerns)
• Journalistic processes in alternative media (e.g. community perspectives, participatory and interactive approaches)
• The role of alternative media in society (e.g. transparency, diversity and freedom of expression)
• Planning, managing and sustaining an alternative medium in different settings
• Alternative media in a school setting
• Alternative media in a community
• Revenue models of alternative media.

CASE STUDIES

Educators read case studies of leading alternative media (some are available online) and list best practices in planning and managing alternative media, particularly in the following areas:

• Issue planning (i.e. identifying story ideas)
• Generating or sourcing facts
• Processing/organizing data/information
• Involving stakeholders (audiences) in the editorial process
• Managing operations (editorial and business)
• Expanding and sustaining audiences generating revenue
• The learners may use the following of characteristics as a checklist of indicators of best practices:
  • Creative
  • Indigenous
  • Effective
  • Efficient
  • Participatory

STUDY-VISIT OF ALTERNATIVE MEDIA ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY IMMERSION

Learners make a feld trip to an alternative media organization; interview editors, media managers and journalists; and observe editorial and management policies and practices in comparison with mainstream media companies. Their report should include how the alternative media organization:

• Selects stories
• Selects sources of information
• Selects angles (i.e. promoting a specifc point of view) and treatment (i.e. reporting or manipulating) of stories
• Generates audience feedback
• Generates income
• Measures success in terms of rating and circulation

MEDIA PRODUCTION

Educators visit a marginalized community and interview leaders and members to determine their information needs and requirements. The team then produces and uploads a YouTube video or a podcast. They may add music and other elements for better impact.