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Global development faces daunting challenges – climate change, destruction of natural resources, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, food insecurity, natural hazards and disasters, rising human population etc. In order to sustainably develop, these challenges would have to be addressed by using science-evidenced technologies, innovations and policies. UNESCO supports the spread and improved efficacy of the natural sciences, especially on issues of global concern that require holistic solutions and multinational collaboration. Current projects and research initiatives focus on a variety of fields: from freshwater resource management to biodiversity and geodiversity conservation and from natural disaster reduction to capacity building in science, technology and innovation and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education. UNESCO implements its activities in science essentially through its International Science Programmes (ISPs). The ISPs are supported by extensive networks and have long-standing experience in mobilizing the best available fundamental and applied science in their respective fields to serve UNESCO Member States. Activities implemented by the sector contributes to the UN Agenda 2030 and the AU Agenda 2063.

This office has a coordination roe for all sub-Saharan African countries with other Regional Offices. The Science Policy and Capacity Building programme caters for its regional countries in addition to handling the coordination of the African Network of Scientific and Institutional Institutions (ANSTI).

The following are specific activities implemented by the office under the International Science Programmes (ISPs):