Nature-Based Solutions to Adapt to Climate Change and Rapid Urbanization
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers supported the development of green infrastructure solutions in the Mekong region, applying the "Engineering with Nature" approach. They focused on effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability, using risk-informed decision-making to address uncertainties in planning.
Context
Udon Thani, Thailand, is projected to double in size and population by 2030 due to its strategic location in the Belt and Road Initiative. Facing climate change impacts like droughts and floods, the city is developing a Green Infrastructure Master Plan to ensure sustainable growth and resilience against environmental challenges.
Actions
Stakeholder engagement is a key element of the CRIDA planning process. In Udon Thani, local groups worked together throughout, offering input on stormwater management, site visits, and conceptual ideas to help planners and decision-makers understand potential conflicts. Between 2015 and 2018, three workshops involving the mayor, senior officials, planning departments, and stakeholders focused on developing a shared vision for urban resilience and addressing water supply and flooding issues. The CRIDA process incorporated uncertainties like urbanization rates and changing storm event patterns. "Scenario bins" were collaboratively developed to represent different potential futures. As expected, greater resilience to extreme events (e.g., floods and droughts) came with higher costs, but these investments also provided significant social and environmental benefits, such as public spaces and parks.
Outcomes
Political will is crucial for implementing adaptation and development actions, particularly for ensuring a project's long-term success. Emphasizing the resilience benefits of adaptation options encouraged deeper engagement with the public, mayor, and private sector, highlighting the strategic value of green infrastructure. As a result, Udon Thani has committed to restoring wetlands and creating green infrastructure solutions that combine urban stormwater management with recreational spaces in the downtown area. The city is now in the implementation phase, building on CRIDA analysis outcomes, with plans to extend the project to peri-urban areas where most urbanization and stormwater runoff occur.
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