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UNESCO initially established a sub-regional office for education in Southern Africa in 1986 with a special emphasis on higher education. Since then, it played the role of cluster office, covering four countries (Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and in 2014 it became known as the UNESCO Regional Office for Southern Africa (ROSA), covering all of UNESCO¡¯s programme sectors in nine countries, namely Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The office serves as UNESCO¡¯s focal point for cooperation with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) as well as for the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).