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"The Documentary Fonds of the Commission for the Settlement of Indigenous Peoples, Law of December 4th, 1866" brings together documents that describe the process of annexation of the Mapuche country to the State of Chile, which materially started in 1884, when there was enough economic and military capacity to conduct the process of settlement of the indigenous population and the demarcation and registration of their territory. Given that these archives bear witness to the scope and limitations of a process that lasted until 1930, they constitute a primary source of information to characterize the Mapuche people over a period of almost fifty years and to develop comparative historical studies regarding their settlement in Chile and Argentina. Relevantly, they further contribute to the knowledge on the transformation of indigenous property from the second half of the 19th century and on the influence of Europe and the United States of America in the ethnic, territorial and productive consolidation of the nations of Latin America.