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The Mojos Plains, in the current Bolivian Amazon, and the Chiquitos area, in the eastern part of the country, are known for having been the scenario in which, from the end of the 17th century until 1767, the year of their expulsion, missions of the Society of Jesus were established. The missions of Mojos belonged to the Jesuit province of Peru, and those of Chiquitos to the Paraguayan province. The missionary period, as well as the republican period, is abundantly documented in both cases. However, were it not for Gabriel René Moreno's collection on Mojos and Chiquitos, the period between the expulsion of the Jesuits and the founding of the Bolivian Republic would remain unknown, since it was this famous archivist who restored, catalogued, bound and accompanied with very detailed descriptions the catalog he himself made. 

Composed of 943 documentary units in 41 hard bound volumes, the collection (1757-1888) consists of hundreds of reports, correspondence, censuses and administrative records that provide unique information of the indigenous history of these regions at a crucial time in the history of Latin America, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, a point of confluence of Amazonian cultures with Western civilization (Spanish and Portuguese).