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The National Literacy Campaign carried out in Cuba (1961) was the most transcendental event of Cuban culture and education in the 20th century. It set a benchmark as a mass cultural and educational movement for popular educators in Latin America in the 60s and 70s and marked the birth of a literacy school. This documentary heritage consists of more than one hundred thousand documents and museum pieces; includes technical-methodological teaching documents prepared by Cuban pedagogues, and includes: "La Cartilla Venceremos", "Manual Alfabeticemos" (continuous self-learning for teachers), and "Cartas a Fidel", letters written by the learners as proof of their proficiency in reading and writing. 

The campaign contributed to the cultural and educational fields of the region a new conception of how to teach literacy through mass actions that has influenced the popular education movements of several countries, which have adopted it as a pedagogical and didactic model. This documentary heritage contains crucial historical information about Cuba and its localities. It describes the demographic environment, including rural areas of the plains and mountains, coasts, keys and swamps, as well as the different contexts of the complex urban and suburban marginal areas. The documentation captures the essence of the mass literacy educational movement, its continuity and internationalization. The human aspect is particularly emphasized in the documents of literacy teachers and learners, the songs and posters, and in the documentaries of the time.