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This fonds records the construction of the city of Brasilia, its history, and the first twenty years of the city, which in December 1987 was recognized as a World Heritage Site (UNESCO), in the same session as the Great Wall of China, the City of Venice and the Acropolis of Athens.

The Novacap company was created by the Government of President Juscelino Kubitischek, pursuant to Law 2874 of September 19, 1956, with the purpose of planning, deploying and building the future capital of Brazil.

The city of Brasilia’s revolutionary architecture and urban planning required an equally innovative construction process. According to León Pressouyre, ICOMOS rapporteur, "the creation of Brasilia, given the highly challenging nature of the project and the breadth of the means involved, is undeniably a fact of the greatest importance in the history of urbanism". Brasilia was designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer in 1956, and the landscaping architect was Roberto Burle-Marx. Brasilia has been recognized for its modernist architecture and uniquely artistic urban plan. It is described as a city with an aerodynamic shape profile, like that of an airplane, with the Monumental Axis acting as fuselage with two large avenues on each side of an immense park. In the cockpit is the Plaza de los Tres Poderes, site of the three branches of government that surround it.

In 1987, the archival collection produced and accumulated by Novacap was incorporated into the documents that had been gathered since 1892 around the concept of a new capital for Brazil, and the Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal was created.