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The book “Quinología o tratado del árbol de la quina ó cascarilla” by Hipólito Ruiz López, published in 1792, is a fundamental work in botany and medicine. It addresses the study of the quinine tree, botanically known as “Cinchona”, and focuses on the description of various quinine species discovered in the Viceroyalty of Peru in the 18th century. Ruiz López provides a thorough analysis of the collection and benefits of quinine bark, highlighting its medicinal properties, particularly in the treatment of intermittent fevers (malaria). The uniqueness of the book lies in its detailed documentation of quinine, its discovery, and the inclusion of preparation methods used by the indigenous people of the Andes Mountains and the Jesuits of La Paz (Bolivia), as well as the community of Loxa (Ecuador). 

Additionally, the book contains important information on the decisive role of the Countess of Chinchón in popularizing this natural remedy, and how her illness and recovery influenced the botanical recognition of the quinine tree, initially known as “Cascarilla Chinchona” and later scientifically named "Cinchona." Ruiz López also conducts botanical explorations and chemical experiments, providing precise data on the active composition of quinine and includes observations on its trade and economic value. This work not only systematized the botanical knowledge of the New World but also left a lasting impact on pharmacology and the scientific understanding of medicinal plants.