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The Valley of Oaxaca Marquisate was the territory or land granted to Hernán Cortés (1485-1547) by the Spanish Crown on July 6, 1529, in recognition of his services. Indigenous scribes (tlacuilo, in the Nahuatl language) prepared three codex using their own writing system on paper made from agave (maguey). The codex are accompanied by documents written by the descendants of Hernán Cortés. They represent an indigenous testimony after the conquest and reflect pre-Hispanic documents. The codex have made it possible to discover and preserve the testimony of indigenous culture since most pre-Hispanic originals have been destroyed.

This nomination was Inscribed on the Memory of the World International Register in 1997 and on the Regional Register for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2011.