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The city's oldest documents comprise the Villa de Medellín colonial town council collection. These are original manuscripts that, from 1638, account for the events and experiences of councillors, royal officials and town inhabitants, in a part of the territory of the Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada. The archive comprises 92 volumes of documents described in full under the International archival standard ISAD-G, with 72,000 digitised images available for consultation via the internet.

The collection reflects key aspects to understand the social and cultural tension generated by the presence of whites, Indians and blacks, in a long coexistence mediated by complicated relations between different races, social statuses, religions, morals and languages. The historical identity and way of being of Medellín's inhabitants was defined, classified and characterised through the period's cultural exchange, the historical path of which still shapes today's multicultural and multi-ethnic society.